The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction of dental DNA exposed to different chemical solutions. The sample was composed by 15 subjects, from which 5 samples of oral mucosal cells (reference population) and 15 teeth (experimental population) were collected. The experimental population was divided in three equal parts, which were exposed to different chemical solutions, namely hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 37 %, formaldehyde (CH2O) at 10 % and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at 2.5 %. The DNA from the oral mucosa was extracted using organic method, while the dental DNA was extracted using the AFDIL method, including amplification by PCR and sequencing through capillary electrophoresis. The DNA exposed to hydrochloric acid dissolved, lacking extraction. The exposure of teeth to formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite did not interfere in the extraction of DNA, once the amplification was visible in both experimental populations. The present outcomes demonstrated that DNA extraction may be limited under exposure to chemical solutions.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la extracción de ADN dental expuesto a diferentes soluciones químicas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 15 sujetos, de los cuales se recogieron 5 muestras de células de la mucosa oral (población de referencia) y 15 dientes (población experimental). La población experimental se dividió en tres partes iguales, que fueron expuestas a diferentes soluciones químicas, a saber, ácido clorhídrico (HCl) al 37 %, formaldehído (CH2O) al 10 % e hipoclorito de sodio (NaOCl) al 2,5 %. El ADN de la mucosa oral se extrajo utilizando el método orgánico, mientras que el ADN dental se extrajo utilizando el método AFDIL, incluyendo la amplificación por PCR y la secuenciación a través de electroforesis capilar. El ADN expuesto al ácido clorhídrico se disolvió, careciendo de extracción. La exposición de los dientes al formaldehído e hipoclorito de sodio no interfirió en la extracción de ADN, una vez que la amplificación era visible en ambas poblaciones experimentales. Los resultados actuales demostraron que la extracción de ADN puede ser limitada bajo la exposición a soluciones químicas.

The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile of women victims of violence and characterize the injuries affecting their maxillofacial region. This was an analytic study using secondary data from 470 expert reports of domestic violence involving women, collected from January 2007 to December 2011 in the Department of Dentistry of the Institute of Legal Medicine in the city of Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. The majority of the examined women were Afro-caucasian (72.6 %), single (74.9%), and with mean age of 30.4 years. The buccal (51 %) and orbital (8.8 %) regions were the most affected extraoral sites. As to the oral cavity, the most affected sites were teeth (50.8 %) and the lip mucosa (35 %). In most cases the lesions against women were associated with an aggressor having a close relationship with the victim. The most prevalent lesions were edema; fracture; tooth dislocation; and bruise. These findings can subsidize the development of policies to prevent violence against women, and for public safety.

El objetivo fue determinar el perfil epidemiológico de mujeres víctimas de violencia y las lesiones que les acometieron la región oral y maxilofacial. Se trata de un estudio sobre datos secundarios realizado a partir del análisis de 470 informes periciales de violencia doméstica contra mujeres, recopilados entre enero del 2007 a diciembre del 2011, en el área de Odontología del Instituto Médico Legal de Feira de Santana (Bahía/Brasil). La mayoría de las mujeres estudiadas eran afrocaucásicas (72,6 %), solteras (74,9 %), con un promedio de edad de 30,4 años. En relación a la localización extraoral, las regiones bucal (51 %) y orbital (8,8 %) fueron las más afectadas. Los dientes (50,8 %) y la mucosa labial (35 %) fueron las estructuras intraorales más afectadas. En la mayoría de los casos, las lesiones estaban asociadas a un agresor con una relación cercana a las mujeres. Las lesiones más prevalentes fueron edemas, fracturas, luxación dental y equimosis. Estas hallazgos pueden colaborar en el desarrollo de acciones para combatir la violencia contra la mujer y para la seguridad pública.

The frontal sinuses can provide significant evidence for forensic identification. The peculiarity of the frontal sinus contours allows a precise and meticulous analysis, reducing the risk of errors on the part of the forensic experts. To describe the use of cone-beam computed tomography as an alternative to obtaining images of the frontal sinuses. In addition, it is proposed the adoption of some anatomic references to do the axial slicing, which should have its plan being tangent to the upper limit of the orbital cavities, as well as the sagittal slicing, which should be done under the midline, so that all sinus boundaries would be observed while error margin in obtaining comparative images would be reduced. The comparison of frontal sinus images by cone-beam computed tomography can be used as an additional method in the identification process, providing the expert with a greater reliability.

Los senos frontales pueden proporcionar evidencia significativa para la identificación forense. La peculiaridad de los contornos del seno frontal permite un análisis preciso y meticuloso, lo que reduce el riesgo de errores por parte de los expertos forenses. Describir la utilización de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico como una alternativa para obtener imágenes de los senos frontales. Además, se propone la adopción de algunas referencias anatómicas para el corte axial, que deberían tener su plano tangente al límite superior de las cavidades orbitales, así como para el corte sagital, que debería ser realizado bajo la línea mediana. Así, los contornos de los senos serían bien observados y el margen de error en la obtención de imágenes comparativas se reduciría. La comparación de imágenes del seno frontal por tomografía computarizada de haz cónico es un método adicional en el proceso de identificación, ofreciendo al profesional una mayor fiabilidad.

O estudo tem como objetivo analisar os dados de crianças e adolescentes vítimas das distintas formas de violência, registrados no Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes/VIVA/MS, de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil. Utilizou-se o total de registros, desde a implantação do Sistema VIVA no município (01/2009 a 01/2011), cujas análises buscaram associações entre características das violências e perfis de vítimas e agressores. Os resultados mostraram que crianças e adolescentes foram molestados por diversas violências; com uso de força corporal, ameaça verbal e armas; ocorrência de lesões corporais diversas; aproximadamente 35% foram hospitalizados e 15% evoluíram a óbito; a violência física apresentou maior frequência no sexo masculino, nas faixas da adolescência, ocorrência em ambiente domiciliar e causado por familiar; a violência sexual ocorreu com maior proporção no sexo feminino, nas faixas da infância, 55,5% das ocorrências foram em nível domiciliar, sendo mais frequentemente perpetrada por conhecidos e familiares. Os resultados sugerem a importância de investimentos em políticas e programas de prevenção e redução de danos, buscando ampliar a cobertura no atendimento e aprimoramento do Sistema de Informação e levantamento desses indicadores.

The scope of the study is to analyze data of children and adolescents who are the victims of different forms of violence, registered in the Surveillance System for Violence and Accidents (VIVA/MS) in Feira de Santana in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The total number of records, since the implementation of VIVA in the city (01/2009 to 01/2011) was used and the analyses sought associations between characteristics of violence and profiles of victims and perpetrators. The results showed that children and adolescents were molested using different types of violence, including the use of physical force, verbal threats and weapons and sundry cases of personal injury. Approximately 35% were hospitalized and 15% died. Physical violence was more common among males during adolescence in the home environment and perpetrated by a family member. Sexual violence occurred with greater frequency among females during childhood and 55.5% of the cases occurred in the home environment and more frequently perpetrated by a family member or acquaintances. The results highlight the importance of investments in policies and programs for harm prevention and reduction, seeking to broaden coverage in the care and the enhancement of the information system and surveys of these indicators.

O estudo tem como objetivo analisar os dados de crianças e adolescentes vítimas das distintas formas de violência, registrados no Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes/VIVA/MS, de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil. Utilizou-se o total de registros, desde a implantação do Sistema VIVA no município (01/2009 a 01/2011), cujas análises buscaram associações entre características das violências e perfis de vítimas e agressores. Os resultados mostraram que crianças e adolescentes foram molestados por diversas violências; com uso de força corporal, ameaça verbal e armas; ocorrência de lesões corporais diversas; aproximadamente 35% foram hospitalizados e 15% evoluíram a óbito; a violência física apresentou maior frequência no sexo masculino, nas faixas da adolescência, ocorrência em ambiente domiciliar e causado por familiar; a violência sexual ocorreu com maior proporção no sexo feminino, nas faixas da infância, 55,5% das ocorrências foram em nível domiciliar, sendo mais frequentemente perpetrada por conhecidos e familiares. Os resultados sugerem a importância de investimentos em políticas e programas de prevenção e redução de danos, buscando ampliar a cobertura no atendimento e aprimoramento do Sistema de Informação e levantamento desses indicadores.

The scope of the study is to analyze data of children and adolescents who are the victims of different forms of violence, registered in the Surveillance System for Violence and Accidents (VIVA/MS) in Feira de Santana in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The total number of records, since the implementation of VIVA in the city (01/2009 to 01/2011) was used and the analyses sought associations between characteristics of violence and profiles of victims and perpetrators. The results showed that children and adolescents were molested using different types of violence, including the use of physical force, verbal threats and weapons and sundry cases of personal injury. Approximately 35% were hospitalized and 15% died. Physical violence was more common among males during adolescence in the home environment and perpetrated by a family member. Sexual violence occurred with greater frequency among females during childhood and 55.5% of the cases occurred in the home environment and more frequently perpetrated by a family member or acquaintances. The results highlight the importance of investments in policies and programs for harm prevention and reduction, seeking to broaden coverage in the care and the enhancement of the information system and surveys of these indicators.

INTRODUÇÃO: a responsabilidade do cirurgião-dentista pode ser entendida como obrigações de ordem penal, civil, ética e administrativa, às quais está sujeito no exercício de sua atividade. Assim, se comprovado um resultado lesivo ao paciente - por imprudência, imperícia ou negligência -, o cirurgião-dentista estará sujeito às penalidades previstas no Código Civil, sendo obrigado a satisfazer o dano e indenizar segundo a consequência provocada. Em processos cíveis, as partes poderão contratar um assistente técnico para fornecer, aos respectivos advogados, conhecimentos técnicos e científicos inerentes ao tema. OBJETIVO: informar sobre a importância da atuação de assistentes técnicos em processos cíveis, propiciando às partes uma maior compreensão dos aspectos técnicos, éticos e legais. CONCLUSÃO: há a necessidade de um maior conhecimento, por parte dos profissionais em Odontologia, sobre os aspectos éticos e legais que norteiam a profissão.

INTRODUCTION: The dentist's liability can be understood as the criminal, civil, ethical and administrative obligation that they have in their professional exercise. Thus, when producing a harmful result to the patient, due to imprudence, ineptitude or recklessness, the dentists will be liable to the foreseen penalties on the Civil Code, where the compensation will be obligatory to satisfy the damage according to the reached consequence. In these types of processes, the involved parts will be able to contract a technical assistant to supply the respective lawyers about biological, technician and professional knowledge. AIM: This paper aim to report about the technical assistant's importance, in the performance of each one of the involved parts in a civil process. CONCLUSION: It is necessary a major knowledge, by dentists, about legal and ethical aspects in the professional activity.